DBT is a comprehensive cognitive-behavioural treatment for complex disorders involving emotional dysregulation such as borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders. DBT combines the basic strategies of behavioural therapy with eastern mindfulness practices and recognises the synthesis of opposites (dialectics) such as acceptance and change. DBT focuses on building skills in mindfulness, distress tolerance, emotional regulation, and interpersonal effectiveness. Traditionally DBT is delivered in group and individual format, however, a DBT-informed approach can be used in individual therapy.

EMDR is a form of therapy in which a client is asked to recall a traumatic event while generating bilateral sensory movements such as eye-movements or hand tapping. This dual attention is believed to facilitate access to the trauma memory so that information can be processed, and new, adaptive memories can be formed, which results in a reduction of overall psychological distress. Unlike CBT with a trauma focus, EMDR does not involve detailed descriptions of the trauma or prolonged exposure to traumatic material which can be unnecessarily distressing to the client.

ACT is an action-oriented type of therapy that was developed in the 1980s by psychologist, Steven Hayes. While it originates from traditional behavioural therapy, it’s scope includes identifying and committing to one’s personal values and goals to create a rich and fulfilling life. It also aims to provide the skills and “psychological flexibility” necessary for overcoming any barriers or blockages to this pursuit, in addition to managing painful thoughts and feelings more generally.